Treatment of organic fertilizers

EM heap corrosion method

EM is an aerobic and anaerobic microbial community mainly composed of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, which have a wide range of applications in agriculture and environmental protection. It has multiple functions such as deodorizing, insecticidal, sterilizing, purifying the environment, and promoting plant growth. Using it to process human and animal manure as compost can have a harmless effect. The specific method is as follows:

(1) Purchase EM raw material. Then, prepare a backup solution according to the formula of 100 milliliters of water, 20-40 grams of honey or brown sugar, 100 milliliters of M cheese, 100 milliliters of distilled liquor (containing 30% to 35% alcohol), and 50 milliliters of EM original solution.

(2) Dry human and animal feces to a moisture content of 30% to 40%.

(3) Cut straw, corn stalks, and green grass into small pieces that are 1.5 centimeters long. Mix a small amount of rice bran evenly and use it as the leavening material during composting.

(4) Mix straw and other loose materials with feces at a weight of 10:100, stir evenly, and lay a fertilizer pile about 6 meters long, 1.5 meters wide, and 20-30 centimeters thick on a cement floor.

(5) Sprinkle a thin layer of rice bran or wheat bran on the fertilizer pile, and then sprinkle EM reserve solution. Spray 1000-1500 milliliters per 1000 kilograms of fertilizer.

(6) Using the same method, lay a second layer on top. After laying 3-5 layers on each pile of fertilizer, cover it with plastic film for fermentation. When the temperature inside the fertilizer pile rises to 45 ℃~50 ℃, flip it once. It usually takes 3-4 flips to complete. After completion, if there are many white moldy hairs and a special fragrance in the fertilizer, it can be applied. It usually takes 7-15 days to handle in summer, 15-25 days in spring, and even longer in winter. Excessive moisture in fertilizers can cause composting to fail and produce a foul odor. Each region should conduct repeated experiments and explorations based on specific conditions.

Fermentation ripening heap rot method

If EM raw material cannot be purchased locally, homemade fermentation ripening powder can be used as a substitute, and the homemade fermentation ripening heap rot method can be used for treatment. The method is as follows:

(1) Preparation of fermented ripening powder. Prepare the required raw materials: rice bran (rice bran, millet bran and other rice bran), Youbing (Deep-fried round and flat dough-cake) (rapeseed cake, peanut cake, castor cake, etc. According to the formula of 14.5% rice bran, 14.0% Youbing (Deep-fried round and flat dough-cake), 13.0% soybean meal, 8.0% sugar, 50.0% water and 0.5% yeast powder, first add sugar into water, stir and dissolve it, then add rice bran, Youbing (Deep-fried round and flat dough-cake) and soybean meal, fully mix and stack them, and ferment at a temperature above 60 ℃ for 30~50 days. Then mix and dilute with black charcoal powder or zeolite powder in a 1:1 weight ratio, and stir carefully until evenly mixed.

(2) Composting production. First, air dry the feces to a moisture content of 30% to 40%. Mix feces with chopped rice straw and other leavening materials in a ratio of 100:10 by weight. Add 1 kilogram of ripening powder to every 100 kilograms of mixed fertilizer, mix thoroughly, and then stack it into a 1.5-2.0 meter high fertilizer pile in the composting room for fermentation and maturation. During the fermentation period, the degree of maturity of compost can be determined based on the temperature changes of the compost. When the temperature is 15 degrees Celsius, on the third day after stacking, the temperature 30 centimeters below the surface of the compost can reach 70 degrees Celsius. After stacking for 10 days, the first mixing can be carried out. When mixing, the temperature 30 centimeters below the surface of the compost can reach 80 degrees Celsius, almost odorless. 10 days after the first blending, perform the second blending. When mixing, the temperature 30 centimeters below the surface of the compost is 60 degrees Celsius. In another 10 days, during the third mixing, the temperature 30 centimeters below the surface of the compost was 40 degrees Celsius, and the temperature after mixing was 30 degrees Celsius, with a moisture content of about 30%. Afterwards, do not mix and wait for it to ripen. After ripening usually takes 3-5 days, with a maximum of 10 days. After ripening, compost is made. This high-temperature composting can kill insect eggs and weed seeds in feces, and greatly reduce Escherichia coli, achieving the goal of harmless treatment of organic fertilizers.

Factory based harmless treatment

If there are large livestock and poultry farms with a large amount of feces, factory based harmless treatment can be adopted. The main method is to collect and concentrate feces first, and then dehydrate them to achieve a moisture content of 20% to 30%. Then transport the dehydrated feces to a specialized steam disinfection room, where the temperature should not be too high, usually between 80-100 degrees Celsius. Excessive temperature can easily cause nutrient decomposition and loss. Fertilizer runs continuously in the disinfection room, and after 20-30 minutes of disinfection, it kills all insect eggs, weed seeds, and harmful bacteria. The disinfection room is equipped with a deodorization tower for deodorization, and the odor is discharged through the tower. Then, the deodorized and disinfected feces are mixed with necessary natural minerals such as phosphate powder, dolomite, and mica powder, granulated, and dried to form organic fertilizer. The process flow is as follows: feces concentration~dehydration~disinfection~deodorization~formula mixing~granulation~drying~sieving~packaging~storage. In short, the harmless treatment of organic fertilizers can achieve the goal of degrading organic pollutants and biological pollution.