Grape

Treatment: The experiment included two treatments: Treatment A was an inorganic fertilizer application scheme, and Treatment B was a company-customized humic acid fertilizer application scheme.

Figure 1: Effect of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Grape Fruit Color Change

Results: Application of Fulvic acid accelerated color development in grape fruits, resulting in uniform and consistent overall coloration. Fruit diameter growth accelerated significantly from the T4 stage and maintained this accelerated growth rate.

Treatment: A.O denotes inorganic fertilizer + organic fertilizer, B.O denotes fulvic acid, and CH denotes inorganic fertilizer.

Figure 2: Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Fruit Internal Quality

Results: Eight days after grape ripening, SSC, grape juice pH, and TAC significantly increased in all three fertilizer treatments. At both time points, SSC in organic fertilizer treatments (A.O and B.O) was significantly higher than in chemical fertilizer treatment (CH) (Figure 2A). Among the three treatments, the B.O. treatment exhibited the highest titratable acid content at both T0 and T1 (Figure 2B). At both T0 and T1, grape juice pH in A.O. samples was significantly higher than in B.O. samples (Figure 2C). As shown in Figure 2D, TAC was higher in B.O. and A.O. samples than in CH samples at both time points. Figure 2E indicates that grape pulp firmness decreased in all three fertilizer treatments during storage. At both time points, CH samples exhibited the highest pulp firmness, while B.O. samples showed the lowest.

Table 2 Richness and diversity indexes of the fungal communities on the grape berry surfaces following the three treatments across the two timepoints.

Results: The observed species and Shannon and ACE indexes of the three fertilizer treatment samples were significantly higher at the T0 timepoint than those at the T1 timepoint. At the T0 timepoint, the Shannon index of the B.O and A.O samples was significantly increased by 14.38 and 11.71%, respectively, compared to the CH samples. The observed species and ACE index of the B.O samples were the highest of three fertilizer treatments. At the T1 timepoint, the Shannon index of the B.O samples was higher than that of the A.O and CH samples, and the difference between the B.O samples and the CH samples was significant. The observed species and ACE index were significantly higher in the B.O samples relative to the A.O and CH samples (Table 2).